Albert Einstein, Su Vida y Su Universo

Albert Einstein es uno de los científicos mas importantes de la historia y un icono del siglo XX. ¿Como funcionaba su mente?¿Qué le hizo un genio?¿Como era el ser humano detras del personaje publico? Su fascinante historia demuestra la relación entre creatividad y libertad.

Solvay 1927, la foto que es Historia de la Ciencia

La historia está trufada de grandes nombres de la física, genios que han hecho avanzar nuestro conocimiento sobre la naturaleza y el universo. Sin embargo, no es fácil que muchos de ellos coincidan en una misma época y lugar, con una memorable salvedad: el congreso de Solvay de 1927.

Stephen Hawking, el físico británico que revolucionó nuestra manera de entender el universo

Hawking padecía desde joven una enfermedad motoneuronal relacionada con la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica. El físico británico Stephen Hawking falleció el 14 de marzo de 2018 a los 76 años, según informó su familia. Se fue así uno de los científicos más prestigiosos y uno de los divulgadores más populares de las últimas décadas.

Richard Feynman, el premio Nobel que investigaba en bares de 'striptease'

“Creo que puedo decir con seguridad que nadie entiende la mecánica cuántica”. Es una de las citas más repetidas de Richard Feynman y es sin duda una frase insólita en labios de un físico. Pero las palabras cobran sentido cuando se entiende cómo funcionaban los finos engranajes mentales de quien fue, además de una de las más reputadas figuras de la física teórica de todos los tiempos, uno de los científicos más populares del siglo XX.

El Gato de Schrödinger y la Mecánica Quántica

La mecánica cuántica asegura que el mundo en que vivimos es extraño. Para muchos, aún más extraño de lo que nos podíamos imaginar, y es que describe fenómenos que escapan a nuestras intuiciones habituales. Fenómenos que, incluso, se muestran como paradojas, en contra, precisamente, de esas intuiciones tan arraigadas. Este es el caso del famoso "Gato de Schrödinger", una de las paradojas fundamentales que la teoría presenta.

Newton, Leibniz y El Cálculo

Todo empezó en Europa a finales del siglo XVII. Dos excepcionales matemáticos estaban trabajando en el mismo problema al mismo tiempo. Isaac Newton, ese gran héroe de la ciencia británica, tenía poco más de 20 años cuando comenzó a trabajar en una nueva rama de las matemáticas, Newton se la describió a sus amigos, pero no publicó nada sobre ella. Esa decisión más tarde tendría consecuencias desagradables pues, al mismo tiempo, el joven erudito alemán Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz propuso una versión diferente de la misma cosa. Se trataba del cálculo.

jueves, 28 de noviembre de 2019

A Course of Pure Mathematics (Cambridge Mathematical Library)


There are few textbooks of mathematics as well-known as Hardy's Pure Mathematics. Since its publication in 1908, this classic book has inspired successive generations of budding mathematicians at the beginning of their undergraduate courses. In its pages, Hardy combines the enthusiasm of the missionary with the rigour of the purist in his exposition of the fundamental ideas of the differential and integral calculus, of the properties of infinite series and of other topics involving the notion of limit. Celebrating 100 years in print with Cambridge, this edition includes a Foreword by T. W. Körner, describing the huge influence the book has had on the teaching and development of mathematics worldwide. Hardy's presentation of mathematical analysis is as valid today as when first written: students will find that his economical and energetic style of presentation is one that modern authors rarely come close to.

miércoles, 27 de noviembre de 2019

Physics A General Course – Savelyev



In this post we will see the three volume Physics – A General Course by I. V. Savelyev.

I have done everything in my power to acquaint students with the basic ideas and methods of physics and to teach them how to think physically. This is why the book is not encyclopedic in its nature. It is mainly devoted to explaining the meaning of physical laws and showing how to apply them consciously. What I have tried to achieve is a deep knowledge of the fundamental principles of physics rather than a shallower acquaintance with a wide range of questions.

While using the book, try not to memorize the material formalistically and mechanically, but logically, i.e. memorize the material by thoroughly understanding it. I have tried to present physics not as a science for “cramming”, not as a certain volume of information to be memorized, but as a clever, logical, and attractive science.

Notwithstanding my desire to reduce the size, I considered it essential to include a number of mathematical sections in the course: on vectors, linear differential equations, the basic concepts of the theory of probability, etc. This was done to impart a “physical” tinge to the relevant concepts and relations. In addition, the mathematical “inclusions” make it possible to go on with the physics even if, as is often the case, the relevant material has not yet been covered in a mathematics course.
The present course is intended above all for higher technical schools with an extended syllabus in physics. The material has been arranged, however, so that the book can be used as a teaching aid for higher technical schools with an ordinary syllabus simply by omitting some section.

The books were translated from the Russian by G. Leib and were first publised in 1980, this copy is the third reprint in 1989.



Senior Physics 1 – Kikoin, Kikoin


About the book

This book is the second in the series the first one being Junior Physics. There is a second volume in this series which we do not have now. This book covers fundamentals of motion, its laws, forces in nature and conservation laws also. There is a section on Practical work at the end of the book.

The book was translated from the Russian by Natalia Wadhwa. And was first published by Mir in 1987.

The Nine Colours of The Rainbow – Steinhaus


About the book (from the front jacket)

Have you ever stopped to think how many colours there are in a rainbow? Seven or, perhaps, nine as the title of the book suggests? It appears, there are many more and still the title is correct. Why so?
The book will tell you what is visible and invisible light, how it helps man to acquaint himself with his environment, investigate it, penetrate into the mysteries of matter and space. You will also find out how man learned to see in the dark, transmit images over long distances and record processes occurring within millionth fractions of a second. The book contains a wealth of other information on the latest achievements in science and technology.
The author, Alexander Steinhaus, is a Soviet specialist in electronics and TV. Many years of industrial experience served as a fertile ground for his literary career on which he embarked with ardour. He has written many sci-fic articles, some stories and a few books, among which are “The Nine Colours of the Rainbow”, “A Factory Without Men”, and others. At present A. Steinhaus is working at a large sci-fic book on television.
The book was translated from the Russian by David Sobolfy and was published by Mir in 1966.


Fundamentals of Physics – Ivanov


About the book:

The book being of­fered by the author differs from other existing books on the subject in its nontraditional approach to the course of phys­ics. The principle underlying the preparation of this course can be summarized as follows:  “From atom to matter”.

What prompted the author to adopt this approach? In­deed, the creation of new materials with unusual mechani­cal, thermal, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties requires a microscopic approach to the problem and a clear understanding of the practical significance of the approach “from atom to matter”. This means that the scientists and industrial workers engaged in fields like physical materials science, nuclear and semiconductor engineering, laser
…

This book is intended for those who wish to acquire a deeper knowledge of physical phenomena. It can be used by students of physics and mathematical schools, as well as by those who have finished school and are engaged in self- education. A good deal of the material may be useful to teachers delivering lectures on various topics of physics.

…

This is not a textbook, but rather a helpbook that should be used in conjunction with the standard textbooks. Nor is the book intended for a light reading; you have to use a pen and paper, think, analyze, and even compute whenever it is necessary. We shall describe physics here in the way re­ searchers understand it today.

Physics essentially deals with the fundamental laws of nature. The progress being made at present in all branches of natural science is due, as a rule, to the introduction of physical concepts and techniques in them. This is besides the fact that a knowledge of physical sciences is essential for new industrial ventures lying at the root of technical progress. Physics is fast becoming an important element in the modern civilization.

The book was published by Mir in 1989 and was translated from the Russian by R. S. Wadhwa.

Semiconductors: Testing and Adjusting – Green, Shokalsky


In this post, we will look at the book Semiconductors: Testing and Adjusting by G. Green and A Shokalsky.

About the book:

The book describes the working of many electronic devices and methods of testing them. Since the book was written in the early 70s, some of the technology presented in the book may be outdated.

The book was translated from the Russian by George Roberts and was first published by Mir in 1972.

Fundamentals of Theoretical Physics – Savelyev


In this post we will see the two volume set titled Fundamentals of Theoretical Physics by I. V. Savelyev. Previously we have seen Physics A General Course by the same author.

The book being offered to the reader is a logical continuation of the author’s three-volume general course of physics. Everything possible has been done to avoid repenting what has been set out in the three-volume course. Particularly. the experiments underlying the advancing of physical ideas are not treated, and some of the results obtained are not discussed.

The book has been conceived as a training aid for students of non- theoretical specialities of higher educational institutions. I had in mind readers who would like to grasp the main ideas and methods of theoretical physics without delving into the details that are of interest only for a specialist. This book will be helpful for physics instructors at higher schools, and also for everyone interested in the subject but having no time to become acquainted with it (or re- store it in his memory) according to fundamental manuals.

The books were translated from the Russian by G. Leib and was first published in 1982.


Electricity And Man – Manoilov


About the book:

“… Life on Earth originated and developed in
interaction with electromagnetic fields. Electricity is
inherent in the living in its most complicated form – the
vital activity of man. Scientists have done much in
studying this amazing interaction of electricity and the
animate but much in nature is still concealed, much
must be analyzed and understood. This book will help
to widen the reader’s understanding of the interaction
of electricity and the living organism, although it makes
no claim to exhaust the subject … “

The book was translated from the Russian by George Kittell and was published by Mir in 1978.

Elementary Textbook on Physics Vol 3 – Landsberg


About the book:

Volume 3 covers aspects of wave motion, oscillations, optics and atomic and modern physics. These topics include:

Basic Concepts. Mechanical Vibrations. Acoustic Vibrations. Electric Oscillations. Wave Phenomena. Interference of Waves. Electromagnetic Waves. Light Phenomena: General. Photometry and Lighting Engineering. Basic Laws of Geometrical Optics. Application of Reflection and Refraction of Light to Image Formation. Optical Systems and Errors. Optical Instruments. Interference of Light. Diffraction of Light. Physical Principles of Optical Holography. Polarization of Light. Transverse Nature of Lightwaves. Electromagnetic Spectrum. Velocity of Light. Dispersion of Light and Colours of Bodies. Spectra and Spectral Regularities. Effects of Light. Atomic Structure. Radioactivity. Atomic Nuclei and Nuclear Power. Elementary Particles. New Achievements in Elementary Particle Physics.

About the series (from Front Jacket and Preface):
Elementary Textbook on Physics first appeared in 1948-52 under the editorship of Academician G.S. Landsberg (1890-1957) and immediately became popular with students preparing for entrance examinations in physics. The success of the book was due very much to the fact that each section was written by a specialist. Contributors to the book included the scientists S.E. Khaikin, M.A. Isakovich, M.A. Leontovich, D.I. Sakharov (Vol. 1), S.G. Kalashnikov (Vol. 2), S.M. Rytov, M.M. Sushchinskii (with the participation of I.A. Yakovlev), F.S. Landsberg-Baryshanskaya, and F.L. Shapiro (Vol. 3).

These three volumes form a course on elementary physics that has become very popular in the Soviet Union. Each sectioh was written by an authority in the appropriate field, while the overall unity and editing was supervised by Academician G.S. Landsberg (1890-1957). This textbook has gone through ten Russian editions and a great deal of effort went into the last edition to introduce SI units and change the terminology and notation for the physical units.

A feature of this course is the relatively small number of formulas and mathematical manipulations. Instead, attention was focussed on explaining physical phenomena in such a way as to combine scientific rigour and a form understandable to school children. Another aspect of the text is the technological application of the physical laws.

These features make the text a world-class textbook.

For students preparing to enter universities and colleges to study physics, and for those it high schools specialising in physics.

The book was translated from the Russian by Natalia Wadhwa and was first published by Mir in 1989.

Elementary Textbook on Physics Vol 2 – Landsberg


About the book:

Volume 2 covers aspects of basic aspects of electricity and magnetism. These topics include:

Electric Charges. Electric Field. Direct Current. Thermal Effect of Current. Electric Current in Electrolytes. Chemical and Thermal Generators. Electric Current in Metals. Electric Current in Gases. Electric Current in Semiconductors. Basic Magnetic Phenomena. Magnetic Field. Magnetic Field of Current. Magnetic Field of the Earth. Forces Acting on Current- Carrying Conductors in Magnetic Field. Electromagnetic Induction. Magnetic Properties of Bodies. Alternating Current. Electric Machines: Generators, Motors and Electromagnets.

About the series (from Front Jacket and Preface):
Elementary Textbook on Physics first appeared in 1948-52 under the editorship of Academician G.S. Landsberg (1890-1957) and immediately became popular with students preparing for entrance examinations in physics. The success of the book was due very much to the fact that each section was written by a specialist. Contributors to the book included the scientists S.E. Khaikin, M.A. Isakovich, M.A. Leontovich, D.I. Sakharov (Vol. 1), S.G. Kalashnikov (Vol. 2), S.M. Rytov, M.M. Sushchinskii (with the participation of I.A. Yakovlev), F.S. Landsberg-Baryshanskaya, and F.L. Shapiro (Vol. 3).

These three volumes form a course on elementary physics that has become very popular in the Soviet Union. Each sectioh was written by an authority in the appropriate field, while the overall unity and editing was supervised by Academician G.S. Landsberg (1890-1957). This textbook has gone through ten Russian editions and a great deal of effort went into the last edition to introduce SI units and change the terminology and notation for the physical units.

A feature of this course is the relatively small number of formulas and mathematical manipulations. Instead, attention was focussed on explaining physical phenomena in such a way as to combine scientific rigour and a form understandable to school children. Another aspect of the text is the technological application of the physical laws.

These features make the text a world-class textbook.

For students preparing to enter universities and colleges to study physics, and for those it high schools specialising in physics.

The book was translated from the Russian by Natalia Wadhwa and was first published by Mir in 1988.